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Ashok Kumar (13 October 1911 – 10 December 2001), born Kumudlal
Ganguly, and also fondly called Dadamoni, was an Indian film actor
who attained iconic status in Indian cinema.
He was honoured in 1988 with the Dadasaheb Phalke
Award, the highest national award for
cinema artists, by the Government of India and also received the Padma Bhushan in
1999 for his contributions to Indian cinema.
He is considered to be one of India's finest actors ever, playing leading,
negative and character roles with equal panache.
Childhood
& Early Life
·
Ashok
Kumar was born Kumudlal Ganguly to a Bengali family
in Bhagalpur,[1] then
in the Bengal Presidency of British
India and now in the Bihar state of India. His father,
Kunjlal Ganguly, was a lawyer while his mother, Gouri Devi, was a home-maker.
Kumudlal (as he was then known) was the eldest of four children. His only
sister, Sati Devi, a few years younger to him, was married at a very young age
to Sashadhar Mukherjee and became the
matriarch of a large "film family". Next was
his brother, Kalyan, more than 14 years younger (b.1926), who later
took the screen name Anoop Kumar, and youngest of all was Abhas (b.1929),
whose screen name was Kishore Kumar, who became a phenomenally successful
playback singer of Hindi films. Although the eldest by several years, Ashok
Kumar outlived all his siblings. In fact, he stopped celebrating his birthday
after his youngest brother, Kishore, died on that very day, Ashok's birthday,
in 1987.
·
While
still a teenager, and well before he had even given thought to a career in
films, the young Kumudlal was married to Shobha in a match arranged by their
parents in the usual Indian style.[2] Their
lifelong marriage was a harmonious and conventional one, and despite his film
career, the couple retained a very middle-class outlook and value system,
bringing up their children with traditional values in a remarkably simple home.
They were the parents of one son, Aroop Ganguly, and three daughters named
Bharati Patel, Rupa Verma and Preeti
Ganguly. Their son, Aroop Kumar Ganguly, worked in exactly one film,
appearing as hero in Bezubaan (1962),
which flopped at the box office. He then made a career in the corporate world.
Ashok's eldest daughter, Bharati Patel, is the mother of the actress Anuradha
Patel, who is married to actor Kanwaljeet Singh.
Career
·
Ashok
Kumar's sister Satidevi was married at a very young age to Sashadhar Mukherjee, who lived in Mumbai and
worked as a technician in the film industry. This connection resulted in Ashok
Kumar becoming somewhat interested in the technical aspects of film-making (not
of acting). He failed his law exams and, to escape acrimony at home, came to
live with his sister for a few months, until the exams were held again. In
order to earn some spending-money for himself, he requested his brother-in-law
to find him a job. Sashadhar Mukherjee was working in a fairly senior position
in the technical department of Bombay
Talkies, a pioneering Indian film studio, and he used his influence to get
Kumudlal (Ashok's real name) a job there.
·
Kumudlal started off as a laboratory assistant
in Bombay Talkies and lived with his sister's family in Chembur, not far
from the studio. This was in the early 1930s. The salary was fairly decent;
furthermore, Kumudlal was successful at his job and enthusiastic about it,
which had not been the case with law college. He managed to convince his father
that he would not become successful as a lawyer and would be able to earn a
living as lab assistant. His father finally reconciled himself to the situation
and granted permission to Kumudlal to abandon his law studies. Kumudlal thus
began his film career, albeit as laboratory assistant in a film studio.
·
Kumudlal
Ganguly was happy working as a laboratory assistant and remained in that
position for some five years. His acting career started purely by accident.
Shooting was already underway on the Bombay
Talkies production Jeevan Naiya in 1936 when
the male lead Najmul Hassan eloped with his co-star Devika
Rani, who also happened to be the wife of studio head Himanshu
Rai. Rani subsequently returned to her husband who, out of spite, dismissed
Hassan and called upon Kumudlal Ganguly to replace him (against the advice of
director Franz Osten, who reckoned that the young man did not have the looks
needed for an actor). Ganguly was given the screen name Ashok Kumar, in keeping
with the general trend in an era when actors concealed their real identities
behind screen names.
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Awards and Honour
- 1959 – Sangeet Natak Akademi Award
- 1962 – Filmfare Best Actor Award, Rakhi
- 1963 – Bengal Film Journalists' Association – Best Actor Award (Hindi), Gumrah
- 1966 – Filmfare Best Supporting Actor Award, Afsana
- 1969 – Filmfare Best Actor Award, Aashirwaad
- 1969 – National Film Awards for Best Actor, Aashirwaad
- 1969 – Bengal Film Journalists' Association – Best Actor Award (Hindi), Aashirwaad
- 1988 – Dadasaheb Phalke Award, India's highest award for cinematic excellence
- 1994 – Star Screen Lifetime Achievement Award
Personal
Life & Legacy
·
Ashok
Kumar is widely regarded as a pioneering actor who introduced natural acting to
Hindi cinema. He was the first superstar of Hindi cinema as well as the first
lead actor to play an anti-hero. He also became the first star to reinvent
himself, enjoying a long and hugely successful career as a character actor.
·
Ashok
Kumar is also credited with mentoring several personalities who went on to make
significant contributions to Indian cinema. As producer with Bombay Talkies,
Ashok Kumar gave Dev Anand his first break in Ziddi (1948), which also
established Pran (then a struggling actor who had just fled
to India during partition), as one of the leading villains of the era. The 1949
film Mahal, starring Ashok
Kumar and made under his watch at Bombay Talkies launched the career of Madhubala,
one of the leading actresses of the 1950s. The legendary song "aayega
aanewala" from Mahal was
the turning point in the career of a hitherto little known young singer
called Lata Mangeshkar
Guruji. A. Sivaguru Swamy
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