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Manik Bandopadhyay (19 May 1908 – 3
December 1956) was a Bengali novelist and is considered one of the leading lights of
modern Bengali fiction. During a short lifespan of 48 years, plagued
simultaneously by illness and financial crisis, he produced 36 novels and 177
short stories. His important works include Padma Nadir Majhi (The
Boatman on The River Padma, 1936) and Putul Nacher Itikatha (The
Puppet's Tale, 1936), Shahartali (Suburbia, 1941) and Chatushkone (The
Quadrilateral, 1948).
Childhood
& Early Life
· Manik Bandopadhay was born on 19
May 1908 in a small town called Dumka in the district of Santal Parganas in the state of Bihar in India. His real name was Prabodh Kumar
Bandhopaddhay. His pen name was derived from his pet name 'Manik'. He was the
fifth of the fourteen children (eight sons and six daughters) of his parents,
Harihar Bandopadhyay and Niroda Devi. His father Harihar was a government
official who travelled across undivided Bengal in connection with his job. This gave Manik to
experience life and living of people in different parts of Bengal in his early life.
·
Manik
passed the entrance examination from the Midnapore Zilla School in 1926,
securing first division with letter marks in compulsory and optional mathematics. In the same year he got admitted in Welleslyan
Mission College at Bankura. Earlier he studied in Contai Model Institution
in Contai.
·
In
Welleslyan College, Manik came in contact with a professor called Jackson. In
1928 he passed I.Sc. (Intermediate in Science) with first division.
·
He
got admitted to the B.Sc. course in Mathematics at the Presidency College, Calcutta with the inspiration of his father.
Career
·
In 1938 Bandopadhyay started his career as the Headmaster of
Mymensingh Teachers Training School. But, throughout his life, writing was the
only source of income for Manik Bandopadhyay and, hence, he languished
perpetual poverty.
·
However, for a short while he tried to enhance his earning
through involvement with one or two literary magazines. He worked as editor
of Nabarun for a few months in 1934. During 1937–38, he worked
as assistant editor of literary magazine Bangasree. He established
a printing and publishing house in 1939 which turned out to be a short-lived
endeavour. Also, he worked as publicity assistant for the government of India
in 1943.
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·
Once while he was with his friends in their college canteen,
one of them asked him if he could publish a story in the magazine Bichitra.
The would-be novelist replied that his first story would be good enough for the
purpose. At that time, Bichitra was a leading periodical which
carried stories only by eminent authors. Manik walked into the office of the
periodical and dropped the story "Atashimami (Aunt Atashi)" in their
letter box. At the end of the story he signed off as Manik Bandhopadhay.
After four months, publication of the story (in 1928) created sensation in the
literary circles of Bengal and, from then on, the nom de plume stuck.
·
His stories and novels were published in literary magazines
of the then Bengal. They included Bichitra, Bangasree, Purbasha,
AnandaBazaar Patrika, Jugantor, Satyajug, Probashi, Desh, Chaturanga, NoroNari,
Notun Jiban, Bosumati, Golp-Bharati, Mouchak, Pathshala, Rang-Mashal,
NoboShakti, Swadhinata, Agami, Kalantar, Parichaya, Notun Sahitya, Diganta,
Sanskriti, Mukhopotro, Provati, Ononnya, Ultorath, Elomelo, Bharatbarsha,
Modhyabitta, Sharodi, Sonar Bangla, Agami, Ononya, Krishak, Purnima, Rupantar and Swaraj.
Major
Work
· Manik Bandopadhyay's writing was
inspired by both Marxian philosophy and Freudian philosophy - which are quite
contrasting in nature. His writing stands in stark contrast to that of other
contemporary luminaries like Bibhutibhushan Bandopadhyay who portrayed life in rural
Bengal in a gentle, lyrical light. Although he had some common grounds
with Tarashankar Bandopadhyay, he distinguished himself with
profound and rational analysis of the lives of ordinary people. Manik's writing
dealt with the pettiness and wretchedness of existence in the context of rural
Bengal.
· His primary concern
was the dark alleyways of the human mind, even among the supposedly simple
village folk, and not the serene beauty of nature that was always in the
background in his novels. In Putulnacher Itikatha he took on
rather savagely the hypocrisy in villages: An elderly couple are canonised as
saints after committing morphine-induced suicide; the daughter of one of the
village elders gets married off to a wealthy businessman in Kolkata who treats
her as a concubine ... she gets hooked to alcohol and returns home a shadow of
her former self. However, the people around her keep pretending that nothing
untoward has happened. Numerous other examples abound.
Personal
Life & Legacy
· Putul
Nacher Itikatha is one of the outstanding works of Manik
Bandopadhyay. In one of his letters Manik wrote that this novel was a humble
protest against those who tend to play with the lives of humans as if they were
puppets.
· Since
early life he had struggled with poverty and epilepsy. The signs of epilepsy
first surfaced when he was engaged in writing Padma Nadir Majhi and Putul
Nacher Itikatha. Continued and unabated ailment, problems and crises
devastated his mental disposition. Eventually he resorted to alcohol for
respite, adding to his misery. On 3 December 1956, he collapsed and went into a
coma.
· He was
admitted to the Nilratan Government Hospital on 2 December where he died the
next day. He was 48. His funeral took place at Nimtala
crematorium in North Calcutta. A huge crowd attended the
memorial meeting for Manik Bandopadhyay held on 7 December 1956. At that time
he lived in Baranagar, now in North 24 Parganas. The rental residence was at
Gopallal Tagore Road.
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