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K. R. Narayanan
Kocheril Raman Narayanan (4 February
1921 – 9 November 2005) was the tenth President of India.Born in Perumthanam, Uzhavoor village, in the princely state of Travancore (present day Kottayam district, Kerala), and after a brief stint with journalism and then studying
political science at the London
School of Economicswith the
assistance of a scholarship, Narayanan began his career in India as a member of
the Indian
Foreign Service in
the Nehru administration. He served as ambassador to Japan, United Kingdom, Thailand, Turkey, People's Republic of Chinaand United States of America and was referred to by Nehru as
"the best diplomat of the country". He entered politics at Indira Gandhi's request and won three successive general elections to the Lok Sabha and served as a Minister of State in the Union Cabinetunder former Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi. Elected as the ninth Vice
President in
1992, Narayanan went on to become President in 1997. He was the first member of
the Dalitcommunity to hold the post, and the only one until Ram Nath Kovind was elected in 2017.
Childhood
& Early Life
·
K. R. Narayanan was born in
a small thatched hut at Perumthanam, Uzhavoor, as the fourth of seven children of Kocheril Raman Vaidyar, a
practitioner of the traditional Indian medical systems of Siddha, Ayurveda and Punnaththuraveettil Paappiyamma. His family (belonging to
the Paravan caste, whose members are assigned the task of plucking coconuts as per the caste system) was poor, but his father was respected for his medical acumen.
·
He was born on 4 February
1921, but his uncle, who accompanied him on his first day in school, did not
know his actual date of birth, and arbitrarily chose 27 October 1920 for the
records; Narayanan later chose to let it remain official.
·
Narayanan had his
early schooling in Uzhavoor at the Government Lower Primary School, Kurichithanam
(where he enrolled on 5 May 1927) and Our Lady of Lourdes Upper Primary School,
Uzhavoor (1931–35). He walked to school for about 15 kilometres daily
through paddy fields, and
was often unable to pay the modest fees. He often listened to school lessons
while standing outside the classroom, having been barred from attending because
tuition fees were outstanding.
·
He matriculated from St.
Mary's High School, Kuravilangad (1936–37)
(he had studied at St. John's High School, Koothattukulam (1935–36)
previously). He completed his intermediate at C. M. S. College,
Kottayam (1938–40), aided by a scholarship from the Travancore Royal family.
·
Narayanan obtained his B.
A. (Honours) and M.A. in English literature from the University of Travancore (1940–43)
(present day University of Kerala), standing first in the university (thus becoming the first Dalit to
obtain this degree with first class in Travancore).
·
Narayanan then went to
England (1945) and studied political science under Harold Laski at
the London School of Economics (LSE);[5] he also
attended lectures by Karl Popper, Lionel Robbins,
and Friedrich Hayek. He
obtained the honours degree of B. Sc. (Economics) with a specialisation in
political science, helped by a scholarship from J. R. D. Tata.
Career
·
During his years in London,
he (along with fellow student K. N. Raj) was
active in the India
League under V. K. Krishna Menon. He was also the London correspondent of the Social Welfare
Weekly published by K. M. Munshi. He
shared lodgings with K. N. Raj and Veerasamy Ringadoo (who later became the first President of Mauritius); another close
friend was Pierre Trudeau (who
later became Prime minister of Canada).
·
When Narayanan returned to
India in 1948, Laski gave him a letter of introduction to Prime minister Jawaharlal Nehru. Years
later, he narrated how he began his career in the public service.
·
In 1949, he joined
the Indian Foreign Service (IFS) on Nehru's request. He worked as a diplomat in the embassies
at Rangoon, Tokyo, London, Canberra, and Hanoi. He was the Indian ambassador to Thailand (1967–69), Turkey (1973–75), and the People's
Republic of China (1976–78).
·
He taught at the Delhi School of Economics (DSE) (1954), and was Jawaharlal Nehru fellow (1970–72) and
secretary to the ministry
of external affairs(1976).
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Major
Works
·
Narayanan entered politics
at the request of Indira Gandhi and
won three successive general elections to the Lok Sabha in 1984, 1989 and 1991, as a representative of the Ottapalamconstituency
in Palakkad, Kerala, on a Congress ticket. He was a Minister of State in
the Union cabinet under Rajiv Gandhi,
holding the portfolios of Planning (1985), External Affairs (1985–86), and
Science and Technology (1986–89). As a Member of Parliament, he resisted international pressure to tighten patent controls in
India.
·
K. R. Narayanan was elected
to the Presidency of India (17 July 1997) with 95% of the votes in
the electoral college, as a
result of the Presidential poll on 14 July. This is the only Presidential election to have been
held with a minority government holding power at the centre. T. N. Seshan was
the sole opposing candidate, and all major parties save the Shiv Sena supported
his candidature., while Seshan alleged that Narayanan had been elected
solely for being a Dalit.
·
President Narayanan
introduced the important practice of explaining to the nation (by means of
Rashtrapati Bhavan communiqués) the thinking that led to the various decisions
he took while exercising his discretionary powers; this has led to openness and
transparency in the functioning of the President.
·
The K. R. Narayanan Foundation (K.R.N.F) founded in December 2005, aims at propagating the ideals
and perpetuating the memory of K. R. Narayanan. K.R.N.F is a mission of
collective action to provide better future to the most vulnerable sections of
Kerala Society – women, children, disabled persons, the aged and other
disadvantaged groups – by providing educational training, protecting their
health and environment, improving their living conditions and strengthening
their family and community.
Personal
Life & Legacy
·
While working in Rangoon, Burma (Myanmar), K. R. Narayanan met Ma Tint Tint, whom he later married
in Delhi on 8
June 1951. Ma Tint Tint was active in the YWCA and
on hearing that Narayanan was a student of Laski, approached him to speak on
political freedom before her circle of acquaintances.
·
Their marriage needed a
special dispensation from Nehru as per Indian law, because Narayanan was in the
IFS and she was a foreigner. Ma Tint Tint adopted the Indian
name Usha and became an Indian citizen. Usha Narayanan (1923–2008)
worked on several social welfare programs for women and children in India and
completed her Masters in Social Work from Delhi School of Social Work.
·
The Foundation General
Secretary Eby J. Jose has written a biography of the late president titled K. R. Narayanan Bharathathinte Suryathejassu. It is written in Malayalam, the
mother tongue of Dr. K. R. Narayanan. This book traces the not-so-rosy paths
through which this great man had to travel.
Guruji. A. Sivaguru Swamy
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