Sarojini Naidu

Sarojini Naidu (1879–1949), popularly known as Nightingale of India,was a poet and politician. Sarojini Naidu served as the first governor of the United Provinces of Independent India from 1947 to 1949. She was the first woman to become the governor of an Indian state. She was the second woman to become the president of the Indian National Congress in 1925 and the first woman in India to do so.

Childhood & Early Life

· Sarojini Naidu was born in a Bengali family in Hyderabad to Aghore Nath Chattopadhyay and Barada Sundari Devi on 13 February 1879. Her parental home was at Brahmangaon in Bikrampur(in present-day Bangladesh).

· Sarojini Naidu, having passed her matriculation examination from the University of Madras, took a four-year break from her studies. In 1895, the Nizam Scholarship Trust founded by the 6th Nizam, Mir Mahbub Ali Khan, gave her the chance to study in England, first at King's college London and later at Girton college, Cambridge.

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Career

· Naidu joined the Indian national movement in the wake of partition of Bengal in 1905. She came into contact with Gopal Krishna Gokhale, Rabindranath Tagore, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, Annie Besant, C. P. Ramaswami Iyer, Mahatma Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru.

· In 1915–18, she travelled to different regions in India delivering lectures on social welfare, women's empowerment and nationalism. She also helped to establish the Women's Indian Association (WIA) in 1917.

· In 1925, Naidu presided over the annual session of Indian National Congress at Cawnpore (now Kanpur). In 1929, she presided over East African Indian Congress in South Africa. She was awarded the Kaisar-i-Hind Medal by the British government for her work during the plague epidemic in India.

· Sarojini Naidu began writing at the age of twelve. Her Persian play, Maher Muneer, impressed the [Nawab of Hyderabad].

Major Works

· In 1905, her first collection of poems, named The Golden Threshold was published.

· The second collection of Sarojini Naidu’s poems, The Bird of Time was published in 1912 in London by William Heinemann, it had the introduction by Edmond Gosse. It consists of forty-six lyrics.

· The third collection of Sarojini Naidu’s poems, The Broken Wing was published in 1917. It has sixty-one lyrics. Rabindranath Tagore highly praised her poems.

Personal Life & Legacy

· Sarojini Naidu met Govindarajulu Naidu, a physician, and at the age of 19, after finishing her studies, she married him. At that time, Inter-caste marriages were not allowed, but her father approved the marriage.

· The couple had five children. Their daughter, Padmaja also joined the freedom struggle, and was part of the Quit India Movement. She was appointed the Governor of the state of West Bengalsoon after Indian independence.

· Sarojini Naidu died of a heart attack while working in her office in Lucknow on 2 March (Wednesday), 1949.[13] She is commemorated in the names of several institutions, including the Sarojini Naidu College for Women, Sarojini Naidu Medical College, Sarojini Devi Eye Hospital and Sarojini Naidu School of Arts and Communication, University of Hyderabad.

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