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Sati Anusuya
Sati
Anasuya, the wife of Sage Atri, is one of the Seven Great Women i.e. Sapta
Kanya of the Hindu religion. Though, she is not amongst one of the Pancha
Kanya, as part of the Hindu ritual, she is supposed to be remembered first in
the wee hours of the morning. Sati Anasuya is an epitome of chastity and
austerity, qualities which every Hindu woman should strive to achieve for a fulfilled
life. As mentioned in our ancient Indian scriptures, such were the powers of
Sati Anasuya that she made trees bear juicy fruits and Ganga flow abundantly
during the times when the land was struck with the deadliest droughts and
famines.
Sati Anasuya
was the wife of Sage Atri, one of the Saptarishi (Seven Sages) of the
Saptarshi-mandala. The couple was deeply devoted to each other and their life
story still set as a testimony during important Vedic rituals, including
marriages.
Sati
Anasuya was blessed with three sons, each with distinguished qualities. They
were -
o
‘Dattatreya’ the sage-avatar of Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva;
o
the irascible Sage Durvasa and;
o
the moon-god Chandra.
Sati
Anasuya was the sister of one of the Seven Sages, Sage Kapila; her parents were
Sage Kardama and Devahuti.
In
Ramayana, Sati Anasuya appears living in the forest of Chitrakuta with her
husband in their small hermitage. When Lord Rama and Sita visited Chitrakuta
during their exile period, they specially met Atri-Anasuya to seek their
blessings. The couple invited Lord Rama and Sita with great pleasure. In course
of her meeting with Sita, Sati Anasuya taught her that the highest duty of a
wife is to serve her husband with austerity and devotion. She also gifted Sita
a sacred garland, pious sandal paste, and a sublime gem which the latter
accepted with great respect.
Dattatreya
– The son of Sati Anasuya
There are
two legends describing how the Trinity – Brahma, Vishnu and Mahesha (Shiva)
became the sons of Sati Anasuya.
Sati
Anasuya and the three mendicants
As per this
legend, Sati Anasuya had the powers to perform miracles by sprinkling 'Paadha
Theertham', the sacred water with which she washed Sage Atri’s feet. However,
when Sage Narada narrated this fact to the three Devis i.e. goddess Saraswati,
Lakshmi and Parvati they were unable to believe it. They, therefore, decided to
test the chastity of Sati Anasuya. Saraswati, Lakshmi and Parvati involved
their husbands Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva respectively in the plot.
The Trinity
then arrived at the hermitage of Sage Atri in the form of three old mendicants
seeking alms from Sati Anasuya. When Sati Anasuya approached the three
mendicants with some food, the three denied it saying that because of the
severe vow taken by the three of them, they cannot accept alms from those
wearing clothes. The situation led Sati Anasuya in great confusion but, she had
solution to every problem. By sprinkling the holy 'Paadha Theertham' she turned
the three mendicants into babies and then fed the three baby-mendicants without
wearing any clothes.
When Sage
Atri returned to his hermitage, Sati Anasuya narrated to him what all had
happened in his absence and presented the three babies to him. Sage Atri,
through his divine vision, envisioned the Holy Trinity – Brahma, Vishnu and
Shiva in the three babies. Sage Atri said to his wife that they have come to
fulfill her wish to become their mother. The three babies then conjoined
to become one. They occupied three separate heads, one trunk, two legs and six
hands. When the three devis learnt the incident from Sage Narada, they went to
Atri and Sati Anasuya to get their husbands back. Eventually, Brahma, Vishnu
and Shiva returned to their respective consorts. Simultaneously, they fulfilled
the wish of Sati Anasuya and remained in the conjoined form as her child. The
child grew up to the one of the greatest sages of all times. He was named
Dattatreya, and he served his parents till the end.
Sati
Anasuya and Sumanthi
Well, there
are numerous anecdotes and commentaries on Atri and Anasuya in the Mahabharata.
Although the stories of the unflinching devotion of the rishis are manifold,
devoted wives are numerous too, if not equal. Sati Anasuya was one such
exemplary contemporary figure. Besides her, Sumanthi too had earned her place
as an earnest devotee. She lived in Prathishtanagara. She was completely loyal
to her husband Kaushika and remained devoted to him even when he fell into bad
ways and contracted many ailments. Sumanthi would carry him on her back and
wander from one place to another.
One day a
number of thieves escaped from the king's soldiers. While they were searching
for the thieves they mistook a sage named Mandavya to be the thief and
presented him to the king. Angry king thoughtlessly ordered to stab him to
death and the king's men carried out the royal order. However, Mandavya was not
a normal human being and did not die as a result of his great power of tapas;
he remained hanging on the stake.
In the
meantime, Sumanthi was passing by the same place carrying her husband on her
back. Unfortunately, she failed to notice the sage hanging on the stake and her
husband's foot touched Mandavya body. That gave the sage severe pain and he got
raged. He pronounced a curse on Kaushika saying "May you fall dead at
sunrise".
The sage’s
curse was justifiable, but Sumanthi could not afford to lose her husband at any
cost. Hence, Sumanthi – all powerfully – cried a loud, "Let the sun never
rise" The words of this pious lady came true and the sun didn’t rise the next
day. The whole world came to a standstill and life on earth was in mayhem. The
survival of living beings stood at risk.
The Devas, in
heaven, always think of the welfare of the human beings. So do the great rishis
of ancient India. They were aware of the fact that the curse of a devoted wife
could be broken only by another devoted wife of similar stature. Hence, all the
Devas along with Lord Brahma arrived at the ashram of Atri. Together they
sought Anasuya’s help in persuading Sumanthi to withdraw her curse and save the
world from destruction. Sati Anasuya requested Sumanthi to take back her curse
and thereby save the world. Sumanthi was in a deep dilemma because that way her
husband would die. Finally, Anasuya thought of resolving the situation. She assured
Sumanthi that she would save her husband from death. Sumanthi relented after
the assurance and Anasuya with her unequaled power of tapas (meditation) saved
Sumanthi's husband and as a corollary the world was saved.
After this
incident, all the gods and goddess in the heaven were extremely pleased with
Anasuya and granted her a boon. In her boon, Anasuya asked the holy Trinity –
Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva as his sons. Her boon was consensually granted she
gave birth to Dattatreya, the sage incarnation of the Trinity.
Sage Atri
was amazed and proud of his wife's celestial power. Later, when Sri Rama
visited Atri’s ashram, Sage Atri proudly narrated Anasuya’s virtues to the
Lord. He never felt jealous of his wife when her stature grew in the eyes of
Gods. Atri and Anasuya are almost synonymously worshipped today. At first every
day - 'Sapatrum prapoojayet' pronounces our traditional literature when it
refers to this couple. The mantra quotes Anasuya’s unstinted devotion for Sage
Atri and this gesture escalates Atri's status to acme.
These two
great souls were always engaged in maximizing the happiness of the humans at
large. Their lives are inscribed in golden letters in the traditional landscape
of this country. It is indeed amazing to understand the nature and the quantum
of pain and hardships these outstanding humans had to endure for seeking
universal welfare.
Sati
Anasuya Ashrama
Sati
Anasuya Ashrama, the holy abode of Sati Anasuya, is located in Chitrakuta near
Mandakini River, amidst the thick forest. As mentioned in the epic Ramayana,
one Chitrakuta and the region surrounding the River Mandakini was struck by
severe draught for ten long years. Seeing the sufferings of the sages and
animals, Sati Anasuya decided to use her divine powers and through her
austerities she succeeded in bringing the River Mandakini down on earth. At
present, Sati Anasuya Ashrama is one of the most peaceful places on earth where
various streams converge to form the River Mandakani. This point is the
starting point of the forest Dandaka, which was once ruled by King Ravana, the
King of Lanka.
Guruji. A. Sivaguru Swamy
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Naagai Dist, Tamilnadu–609 117
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